源自希臘文diptera ，dipteros'two-winged「 的中性複數」兩隻翅膀的意思。From Greek diptera, neuter plural of dipteros ‘two-winged’, from di- ‘two’ + pteron ‘wing’.種的俗名 Common names of members
蒼蠅和蚊子
Flies and mosquitoes
分佈 Distribution
幾乎存在於世界上所有的陸地棲息地，其中南極蠓原產於南極大陸。
Found in almost all terrestrial habitats in the world with the Antarctic Midge native to the Antarctic continent
形態描述 Morphology
只有一對功能性翅膀，後翅被改裝成棍棒狀的器官，稱為 棒翅
口器被改造成稻草狀結構
一對大的複眼
Only one pair of functional wings, the hindwings are modified into club-shaped organs, called halteres
Mouthparts modified into straw-like structures
A pair of large compound eyes
生態與棲息地 Habitat & Ecology
潮濕的環境，但也會出現在沙漠、森林、山區
Humid, moist environments, but can also be found in deserts, forests, mountains
食性 Diet
成蟲以植物或動物汁液或其他昆蟲為食
Adults feed on plant or animal juices or other insects
小知識 Fun Fact
由於棒翅（平衡棒）的存在，蒼蠅在飛行時具有極佳的可操控性。棒翅可提供快速回饋給翅膀轉向肌肉，發揮平衡和引導系統的作用，失去棒翅的蒼蠅無法飛行。
Flies are capable of great maneuverability during flight due to the presence of the halteres. Halteres act as a balance and guidance system by providing rapid feedback to the wing-steering muscles, and flies deprived of their halteres are unable to fly.
已知的物種 Total species known 11,856博物館收藏的物種 Species in the collection 1010在香港已知的物種 Species in Hong Kong 846Reference
Richard W. Merritt, Gregory W. Courtney, Joe B. Keiper, Chapter 76 - Diptera: (Flies, Mosquitoes, Midges, Gnats), Editor(s): Vincent H. Resh, Ring T. Cardé, Encyclopedia of Insects (Second Edition), Academic Press, 2009, Pages 284-297, ISBN 9780123741448,
Kim, Chulhong & Park, Junghyun & Kim, Taeyup & Kim, Jee-Seong & Seong, Jeongmo & Shim, Hyungbo & Ko, Hyoungho & Cho, Dong-il. (2022). Development and evaluation of haltere-mimicking gyroscope for three-axis angular velocity sensing using a haltere-mimicking structure pair. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 18. 10.1088/1748-3190/ac9c7d.
Capinera, John L. (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology (2 ed.). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1481. ISBN 9781402062421.
Oldroyd, H. (1999, July 26). Dipteran | Definition, Life Cycle, Habitat, & Classification. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/animal/dipteran
Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. (2024). Gbif.org. https://www.gbif.org/species/112842712
ITIS - Report: Diptera. (2024). Itis.gov. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=118831#null
Siu, C., & Lau, K. (n.d.). CHECKLIST OF INSECTS OF HONG KONG. https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/quarantine/qua_plants/files/Checklist.pdf